By Ward Berenschot

Laments about “transactional politics” (politik transaktional) are a regular feature of discussions about Indonesian politics. Voters, as well as a few politicians, can be frequently heard complaining about how candidates get elected by handing out money, gifts or other personal favours. In the political science literature, such exchanges are referred to as “clientelism”.

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Photo: A survey of more than 500 experts found that transactional politics were perceived to be much more common in Kalimantan and eastern Indonesia than in the cities of Java. By Aprillio Akbar for Antara.